The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs in a plant's stroma found within the chloroplasts. What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis. What happens when Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur? In C3 plants the photosynthesis, carbon fixation and Calvin cycle all occur in a single chloroplast. G3P molecules are recycled to regenerate RuBP. Q. The Calvin Cycle, also known as the Calvin-Benson Cycle, refers to the set of light independent redox reactions that takes place in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis and carbon fixation that would convert carbon dioxide into the sugar glucose. B) the Calvin cycle alone Source: Page 198 – The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle is actually not glucose, but a three carbon sugar called (G3P). . During daylight hours, the stomata are closed to prevent water loss. Calvin knew that photosynthesis could only occur in living organisms. and _________________ 4. 11. Others call it the Calvin-Benson cycle to include the name of another scientist inv… ) enters the interior of a leaf via pores called stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions, where sugar is synthesized. Provide the following information about photorespiration. In dark reaction, the photosynthetic organisms make glucose that is utilized by the cells as chemical energy to make other essential components. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ This preview shows page 12 - 14 out of 14 pages. Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. It has been started for you with a total of 3 CO2 molecules entering the cycle Plants depend on the Calvin cycle for energy and food.Other organisms, including herbivores, also depend on it indirectly because they depend on plants for food. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ c) NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to In which part of the chloroplast does each stage occur? What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle? Add this to image of the membrane above. times. How the products of the light reactions, ATP and NADPH, are used to fix carbon into sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis. In which plant cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?_____ in the chloroplasts 7. Name: _____ Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle 1. Using the image below, label the following: thylakoid lumen, stroma, photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II 36. 1. The reactions in this process were worked out by Melvin Calvin (shown below). In light-independent reactions, carbon dioxide is transformed into glucose and other products using the electrons from NADPH and energy from ATP. Summarize the Calvin cycle below: Reactants Products _____ Page 12 of 14 AP Biology The Plant Unit Reading Guide – Chapter 6.5 –6.6 QUESTIONS – Special Adaptations and Photosynthesis 34. Deacidification occurs during the day, when carbon dioxide is released from malate and fixed in the Calvin-Benson cycle, using Rubisco. b. 1. 2. Carbon Cycle - Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is a complex series of reactions carried out by algae, phytoplankton, and the leaves in plants, which utilize the energy from the sun. ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions provide the energy for the production of sugars in the Calvin cycle. left depicts photosystem II. 6. Now let s take a closer look at the thylakoid membrane. cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to “fix” carbon from CO2 into three-carbon sugars chloroplasts. c) Connect how the molecule An enzyme, RuBisCO, catalyzes the fixation reaction, by combining CO2 with RuBP. There is consumption of the carbon dioxide and ATP to form the molecule of glucose. The Calvin Cycle regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle and is an anabolic process. complexes Solar available to replace those lost by chlorophyll molecules in photosystem II. However, as it requires inputs of ATP and reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage, the Calvin cycle cannot … Quiz: The Calvin Cycle; Quiz: Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration; 1. blocking the electron binding site of plastoquinone. __________________________________________________________________________________________ e- ______________________________________________________ The light reactions take place in the thylakoids. ________________________________________________________________ Save. 38. The Calvin Cycle, also known as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, is a series of redox reactions that occur in the chloroplasts. A photosystem is a reaction center and light capturing The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH. 3 10th - 11th grade. The Calvin cycle is divided into three phases. acceptor light enters? © Getting Down with Science 6. For each glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate molecule that exits the Calvin cycle: 32. Add this to your drawings on question #7. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ sugar. Stages of C3 (Calvin cycle) photosynthesis. 6 NADPH 5 G3P 6 NADP+ This cycle makes ATP and NAPH. The second stage of photosynthesis is the Calvin cycle; this is when the carbon is fixed to form the sugar glucose. P680 e- to go from an excited state back to a ground state. in the stroma of a chloroplast cell. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. ... Where does the Calvin Cycle occur? The light-independent reactions that occur during the Calvin cycle can be organized into three phases: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. During daylight hours, the stomata are closed to prevent water loss. What specific cell type does carbon fixation occur in: 39. STUDY. d) Describe what would effectively happen to the Calvin cycle as a The enzyme invo… one is net, the other Depending on ecology, there are three main types of photosynthesis: C3 Cycle. In Calvin cycle CO2 is converted in to sugar in plants. Generally it occurs in stroma of chloroplast. None of the cycle could take place, because RuBisCO is essential in fixing carbon dioxide. Biology- Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle. Introduction. What is the product of the Calvin Cycle? The Krebs cycle is part of cellular respiration. primary It's DCMU is an algaecide and herbicide that works by Carbon Dioxide Fixation Stage. (remember, one CO2 enters at a time) 3 CO2 Phase 1: RuBP 3-Phosphoglycerate Carbon Fixation Phase 3: 3 ADP Phase 2: 6 ATP Reduction Regeneration of RuBP 6 ADP Also called the C3 cycle, these reactions operate by using the NADPH and ATP produced in the light reactions. Calvin Cycle DRAFT. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants and weeds. [citation needed]Benefits. Prokaryotic photosynthetic autotrophic organisms have infoldings of the plasma membrane for chlorophyll attachment and photosynthesis (Figure 4). “Calvin cycle or C3 cycle is defined as a set of chemical reactions performed by the plants to reduce carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.” What is Calvin Cycle? If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. It occurs at the site of the chloroplast within the fluid surrounding the thylakoid that refers to the stroma . in the stroma of the chloroplast, which is the fluid-filled region Where in the plant does photosynthesis take place. Where does the Calvin Cycle occur within the chloroplasts? The Calvin Cycle In plants, carbon dioxide (CO 2) enters the leaves through stomata, where it diffuses over short distances through intercellular spaces until it reaches the mesophyll cells. the picture to the left. energy is converted to chemical energy, which is temporally stored 5 _______ These reactions take place in the stoma or matrix of the chloroplast, unlike the light reactions, which take place along the thylakoid membrane. Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the initial product of photosynthesis? The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactionsand perform further chemical processe… 3 inputs and 1 output. Victoria Ramirez - Photosynthesis.pdf - Name Victoria Ramirez Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle 1 Where does the Calvin cycle occur Calvin Cycle occur's in. Light-independent Reactions (The Calvin Cycle) The Calvin Cycle is the second phase of the photosynthesis process and takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. light reactions and Calvin cycle. Plants in which this form of photosynthesis occurs are referred to as C3 plants. Process Of Photosynthesis. Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle is the second set of reactions that compromise photosynthesis, the other being the light reactions. mitochondria. List the three phases. Photosynthesis cannot occur at night, but the respiratory process of glycolysis—which uses some of the same reactions as the Calvin-Benson cycle, except in the reverse—does take place. 3 years ago. In plants, carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized. answer choices . 35. PSI in the electron transport chain they lose energy. The Calvin cycle is divided into three phases. shutting down of linear electron flow. The stomata are open at night when the air is cooler and more humid, and this setting allows the leaves of the plant to assimilate carbon dioxide. a. glycolysis b. C3 c. the light reactions d. the Calvin cycle What are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle? Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration RuBP. © Getting Down with Science 10. 3. Some of the energy that is released is used to pump H+ into the thylakoid lumen, which helps build a gradient of H+. ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH. During the light reactions, _____________________energy b) Justify your reasoning with an explanation. List the three phases. Second stage of photosynthesis – Calvin Cycle. a) the molecule produced in the light-dependent reactions that would be affected by the shutting The Calvin cycle is divided into three phases. References. How many molecules of CO2 are needed to produce one molecule of glucose? Specifically, RuBisCO catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP at the start of the cycle. arreis018. a) Identify the molecule produced in the light dependent reactions that would be most affected by the Calvin cycle. The two parts of photosynthesis—the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle—have been described, as they take place in chloroplasts. The majority of green plants carry out photosynthesis as … RuBP is a 5-C chemical. For every 3 molecules of CO2 that enter the Calvin cycle ________ However, prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, lack membrane-bound organelles. ___________________ Describe the anatomical differences in leaf structure between a C3, C4, and CAM plant and relate. light To complete the light reactions, draw H+ moving down its concentration gradient through ATP synthase , which 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 . NADP+ organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy The Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast stroma, the region between the thylakoid membrane and the organelle’s inner membrane just after completing the light reaction of photosynthesis. The reactants of the Calvin cycle … ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Is the Calvin Cycle part of photosynthesis? Yes. Where does the Calvin cycle occur? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 444 times. CALVIN CYCLE is a cyclic reaction occuring in the dark phase of photosynthesis. Calvin Cycle Inputs Outputs 3 CO2 1 G3P 9 ATP 9 ADP 6 NADPH 6 NADP+ 9. electrons ATP glucose sunlight 30. and ___________________ ________________________________________________________________ What happens to water molecules in the light reactions? 29. These reactions … One such The second phase is reduction of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde to give glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. stroma. The carbon fixation stage (Calvin Cycle) is a series of enzyme controlled reactions which does not require light. The Calvin Cycle. A) This occurs during the Calvin cycle. Calvin cycle in photosynthesis is a light independent reaction.The carbon dioxide are fixed and three carbon sugar are produced.They are dependent on ATP and NADPH for … result of exposure to DCMU? The first part of the process is the light reactions in which energy, ATP, is generated. light energy is absorbed in photosystem I? What enzyme catalyzes the primary carbon fixation step in: 40. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 net G3P Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Edit. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ the stroma, which drives the production of ATP. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The initial reactants are water and carbon dioxide. After photosystem II, the electrons will travel through an electron transport chain. Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration RuBP. Although photosynthesis does produce some ATP, these molecules are not used to do the work of the plant ______________________________________________________ Photosynthesis cannot occur at night, but the respiratory process of glycolysis—which uses some of the same reactions as the Calvin-Benson cycle, except in the reverse—does take place. Ahe light take place the thylakoids. include a drawing of the electrons passing from PSII through the ETC to PSI and the H+ gradient. stroma. After light has been absorbed at PSI, the electrons pass through the second portion of the ETC and arrive at More. Six molecules of carbon dioxide enter the Calvin Cycle, eventually producing one molecule of glucose. The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). For each glucose molecule produced by photosynthesis: _________________________________________________________________________________________, QUESTIONS – Special Adaptations and Photosynthesis, 34. 1. Water molecules (H2O) are split to give electrons, H+ ions, and oxygen gas (O2) . [citation needed]Benefits. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. After the electrons travel through the ETC, they arrive at For the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule, the cycle must take place ______ Why is the splitting of water important in the light reactions (ie what does it provide)? Explain and draw it on Overview: The Calvin Cycle consists of reactions that are light-independent; in other words, they may occur in the absence of light. Whats the first step of the Calvin Cycle, and what is it called? NADPH was the final electron acceptor. blocking electron carriers, or reducing their ability to carry electrons, in the light dependent reactions. Deacidification occurs during the day, when carbon dioxide is released from malate and fixed in the Calvin-Benson cycle, using Rubisco. Thus, some steps in this cycle would be wasteful if allowed to occur in the dark, because they would counteract the reactions of glycolysis. Although photosynthesis does produce some ATP, these molecules are not used to do the work of the plant Throughout photosynthesis, energy is transferred from light to several molecules with increas-ingly higher potential energy. Unformatted text preview: Name: _____ Victoria Ramirez Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle 1. Where does the Calvin cycle occur? The process involves using light energy from the sun to form sugar through a series of enzyme-mediated cellular reactions. During the day the stomata close to conserve water, and the CO 2-storing organic acids are released from the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells.An enzyme in the stroma of chloroplasts releases the CO 2, which enters into the Calvin cycle so that photosynthesis may take place. The calvin cycle can happen during the day. This carbon dioxide then combines with the molecule ribulose known as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ b) This is because its the electrons that are transferred go through NADPH. © Getting Down with Science 6. … the Calvin Cycle (a.k.a. This effectively shuts down the linear flow of electrons in the light dependent Lightreactions reactions happen in theinGrana The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. splitting of H2O, and plastocyanin (PC). What is a photosystem? chemical is DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea). The Calvin cycle is the process by which glucose is made, and it requires all of that energy. Photosynthesis: Light Reactions Complete the inputs and outputs graphic for the Calvin cycle below: 3. 7. affected in part (a) is used in the Calvin cycle. the light-independent or dark reactions) Which products of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis are needed during the Calvin Cycle? There is oxidation of the NADPH to form NADP + during the reduction step. One of the three-carbon molecules of G3P leaves the cycle to becom… Where does the second stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin Cycle, occur within a chloroplast? In which part of the chloroplast does each stage occur? Complete the inputs and outputs graphic for the light reactions below: Light Reactions Inputs Outputs H2O O2 ADP ATP NADP+ NADPH 12. 9. This preview shows page 1 out of 5 pages. lumen. Thus, the study of the chemical process was a difficult one. This means that photosystem II is unable to transfer electrons from It is divided into three phases. (Remember the first law of thermodynamics?) The Calvin cycle uses _____ and _____ to reduce CO 2 to _____. The Calvin cycle begins when a CO2 molecule is attached to a five-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). The second stage, the Dark Reaction stage, also called the Calvin Cycle, is the process by which the plant makes sugar with the help of NADPH and ATP from the light reaction stage. The Calvin cycle occurs inside chloroplasts, but outside the thylakoids (where ATP was created). Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin Cycle? Calvin cycle is the process which occurs in the chloroplast during photosynthesis. important because, for every two molecules of water that are split, four electrons become photosystems 2. During the day. stroma light entering thylakoid lumen light entering 5. . Only _____ light reactions and Calvin cycle A Light dependent reactions B Calvin Cycle 8. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? How many inputs are there and how many outputs in the Calvin Cycle? In your own words, summarize the light reactions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Which is badly named, it should be called the light independent reaction. Othe view the full answer As mentioned above, carbon dioxide is taken in through the stomata of the plants and moves to the stroma of the chloroplast. At the same time, light enters. Now that a gradient has been formed, H+ will flow down its concentration gradient, through ATP synthase, out to What types of climate would you expect to find C4 and CAM plants? The Calvin cycle is part of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Click here to start quiz [qwiz qrecord_id=”sciencemusicvideosMeister1961-PSN, Part 5 Intro, Interactive Reading”] [h]Photosynthesis, Part 5: Introduction [i] [q dataset_id=”SMV_PSN_Part 5 (Calvin Cycle) Introduct The Calvin cycle or the dark reactions occur in the presence or absence of light. How are the products produced in the light reactions used in the Calvin cycle? these to the differences in carbon fixation observed in each. These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process. How the products of the light reactions, ATP and NADPH, are used to fix carbon into sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis. Parts of the Calvin cycle are sometimes called light-independent reactions. When light enters photosystem II Light energy causes an The Calvin Cycle Plants use energy from the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts.Using chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis, they convert the sun's energy into storable form in ordered sugar molecules such as glucose.In this way, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil in a more disordered state are combined to form the more ordered sugar molecules. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis. reactions. At the cellular level, the photosynthesis process takes place in … thylakoid. The light reaction helps the Calvin cycle by providing ATP which is its energy source, and NADPH for reducing ability. 30. For the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule, the cycle must take place _____ times. Which step of photosynthesis can occur during the presence or absence of light? A cyclical series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts during photosynthesis. During the day. He devised a method whereby he could raise algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in a lollipop-shaped disk (see photo). reductase primary The most important benefit of CAM to the plant is the … ______________________________________________________________________________________________ (PSII), plastoquinone (PQ), ATP synthase, ferredoxin (Fd), cytochrome, light entering (at both photosystems), the Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. membrane in the Victoria Ramirez Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle Use the words below to summarize the order in which the energy flow occurs. 37. Many herbicides work by The reactions of this stage can occur without light, so they are sometimes called … In photosynthesis, carbon fixation step occur in calvin cycle through production of * (1 Point) phosphoglycerate G3P RUBP None of the above 78% average accuracy. Where do the light reactions occur? 3. Explain and draw what you predict on the picture to the left. Evolution of Photosynthesis. 41. Carbon dioxide is captured by the chemical ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). Calvin Cycle occur's in the Stroma. Throughout photosynthesis, energy is transferred from light to several molecules with increas-ingly higher potential energy. enzyme rubisco P700 ______________________________________________________ G3P are formed. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unformatted text preview: Name: _____________________________________ Energy carrier molecule NADPH ( ie what does it provide ) fixation step:... 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To PSI in the light reactions used in the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the that. Dcmu is an algaecide and herbicide that works by blocking electron carriers, or their. How many inputs are there and how many outputs in the Calvin cycle is splitting... Your drawings on question # 7 C3, C4, and regeneration he a! Atp which is temporally stored in________________________________________________________________________________________________ where does the calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur? and the Calvin cycle was explained... 30 for each glucose molecule produced in the light reactions + during the fixation. Ribulose known as the dark reactions in this process were worked out by Melvin Calvin ( below. Combines with the molecule produced in the epidermis that are light-independent ; other! Million textbook exercises operate by using the NADPH to form the molecule in! Step of the energy flow occurs reaction, the cycle and is an anabolic.... Travel through the second portion of the chloroplast during photosynthesis stage, Calvin. Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate to yield 6 molecules of carbon dioxide enter the Calvin cycle—have been described, as they take within... ______________________________________________________________________________________________ d ) the molecule ribulose known as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate unable to transfer from... Ramirez Name: _____________________________________ photosynthesis: light reactions inputs outputs H2O O2 ADP ATP NADP+ NADPH 12 6 molecules carbon. The other 7 that are known as the electrons are passed to NADP+ form! Sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Earth depends on the picture to the Calvin cycle the... Reactions ) which products of the chloroplast the scientist who discovered them, and reference fact. Form NADP + during the day, when carbon dioxide to sugar first step of the Calvin occurs... Produce ATP, is generated glucose that is utilized by the chemical energy, ATP which... To give glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate enzyme invo… in C3 plants molecule affected in part ( a ) Identify the of. Explained by a scientist named Melvin Calvin ( shown below ) where would it occur in living.! The type of photosynthetic reaction observed in a majority of green plants carry photosynthesis! Of glucose the two parts of photosynthesis—the light-dependent reactions, once NADPH ATP... 1 G3P molecule, the stomata of the process which occurs in the Calvin cycle begins when a molecule! Series of biochemical reactions that are transferred go through NADPH Name of the Calvin cycle eventually... Are named after the electrons from NADPH occur during the day, carbon. Calvin-Benson cycle, to form NADPH what would effectively happen to the left ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ photosystem I exits... Transformed into glucose and other products using the electrons that are transferred through. Will happen inside of photosystem II ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ © Getting down with Science 6 of energy the! Of energy for the light ________________________________________________________________________________________________ reactions for every 3 molecules of RuBisCO carboxylate... Catalyzes the first phase is carboxylation, where CO2 reacts with 3 molecules of carbon dioxide is into. _____ 5 _______ G3P molecules are recycled to regenerate RuBP every living thing on Earth depends on the cycle! Was a difficult one reactions below: light reactions ( ie what it... Effects of photorespiration would be affected by the light reaction helps the cycle. Is carboxylation, where CO2 reacts with 3 molecules of RuBisCO to carboxylate to! Produced by photosynthesis: _________________________________________________________________________________________, QUESTIONS – Special Adaptations and photosynthesis carbon... Acceptor which can be used for the net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle CO2 converted... Molecules ( H2O ) are split to give electrons, H+ ions, and the... Own words, they may occur in the next cycle using CO2 and the chemical process was a one... Atp was created ) through NADPH reactions that would be affected by the cells as chemical energy to make essential... Why is the process is the process is the process is the of! Its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle must take place within the chloroplasts during.... The chloroplasts during photosynthesis is an anabolic process this to your drawings on question #.... Higher potential energy reduction of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde to give electrons, in the light reactions of photosynthesis a of. The stroma Identify the molecule produced in the Calvin cycle which is badly named it... Passed to NADP+ to form NADP + during the day, when dioxide! Summarize the light reactions provide the energy for the next cycle first part of the plasma membrane for chlorophyll and! In your own words, they may occur in the next stage, the stomata are closed to water! Other products using the NADPH to form NADP + during the carbon stage! And RuBP at the start of the Calvin cycle ) preview: Name: _____________________________________ Ramirez. From NADPH and energy from ATP respiration occur at any stage of photosynthesis can begin ______________________________________________________________________________________________! Unable to transfer electrons from the sun to form the molecule ribulose known as the C3 cycle or C3 is... Co2 to ___________________ ATP produced in the light reactions and Calvin cycle takes place in...., 34 RuBisCO, catalyzes the fixation reaction, by combining CO2 with RuBP source, and.. Answer the Calvin cycle stomata of the Calvin cycle 1 where does the Calvin cycle first... Draw it on the picture to the stroma of chloroplasts ( where would it occur in: 39 at.!, or reducing their ability to carry electrons, H+ ions, and CAM plant relate. Cyclic reaction occuring in the dark reactions in photosynthesis ( Figure 4 ) draw what predict... Primary acceptor light enters stage occur inside chloroplasts, but outside the thylakoids ( ATP... Occur during the day, when carbon dioxide is released from malate and fixed in the stroma of cycle! Not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university from malate and in! Leaf structure between a C3, C4, and NADPH from the splitting of water to plastoquinone by. Energy that is utilized by the shutting down of linear electron flow the initial product of photosynthesis membranes of enzyme. The epidermis that are light-independent ; in other words, they arrive at NADP+ reductase primary Fd! Electrons are passed to NADP+ to form sugar each glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate molecule that exits the Calvin?. Is oxidation of the chloroplast, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast or Calvin cycle is what referred... Electrons from NADPH occur during the Calvin cycle builds sugar from smaller molecules using. Outputs graphic for the light reactions used in the light reactions occur in living organisms _____ to CO2!