The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. [107] It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history. )[330] In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States. [355][356] Investment banking fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $40 billion in 2012,[357] while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as $324,000 annually. Central and Eastern European immigrants, especially Jewish immigrants from those regions, brought bagels, cheesecake, hot dogs, knishes, and delicatessens (or delis) to the city. New York City as the U.S. capital hosted several events of national scope in 1789—the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time; and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by number of stations. [595][596] The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. Located at the southern tip of the State of New York, the city is the center of the New York … New York City is home to the two busiest train stations in the U.S., including Grand Central Terminal. [556] The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit. New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. In the summer of 1921, on the boardwalk of Atlantic City, an American icon was born. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City, sweeping all five boroughs. Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area.[556][557]. [431] Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest. The fledgling settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II and IV), who would eventually be deposed in the Glorious Revolution. Congregation Emanu-El of New York in Manhattan is the largest Reform synagogue in the world. The New York Times, The New York Times, July 30, 2017, one of the world's largest natural harbors, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, highest of any county in the United States, higher than the density of any individual American city, List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City, List of tallest buildings in New York City, New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum, Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, foreign-born population of any metropolitan region, International Transgender Day of Visibility, New York City Economic Development Corporation, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City, Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, District Court for the Southern District of New York, District Court for the Eastern District of New York, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, busiest airport for international passengers, busiest international air passenger gateway, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990", "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017—Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico—2017 Population Estimates", "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018—Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico—2017 Population Estimates", "U.S. metro areas—ranked by Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) 2020 | Statistic", "State & County QuickFacts—Kings County (Brooklyn Borough), New York", "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New York City", "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. [340], Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City,[341] as are a large number of multinational corporations. [411] The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students. The Manhattan Bridge, opened in 1909, is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges, and its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world; the Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.[597][598]. ", "CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant", GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance, "Letter describing purchase by Pieter Schaghen from Dutch National Archive, The Hague, with transcription", Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, "8 Things Even New Yorkers Don't Know About New York City", "Gotham Center for New York City History", "The Hidden History of Slavery in New York", "The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account", "The People's Vote: President George Washington's First Inaugural Speech (1789)", "Slavery in the North—Emancipation in New York", "Quintessential Housing Of the Past: Tenements", "The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City", "New York Urbanized Area: Population & Density from 1800 (Provisional)", "The Center of the World—New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript)", "Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers", "Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562", "Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement", "Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S.", "Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement", "Civil Rights at Stonewall National Monument", "Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots", "Missing Doctor Added to List of 9/11 Victims", "It's official: One World Trade Center to be tallest U.S. skyscraper", "One World Trade Center On Top As Tallest Building in New York City", "It's official: 1 World Trade Center is now New York's tallest skyscraper", "First Case of Coronavirus Confirmed in New York State", "Remnants of an Ice Age, The Wisconsin Ice Sheet Continues Its Journey", "Information About the Hudson River Estuary", "Reclaimed Jewel Whose Attraction Can Be Perilous", New York State Gazetteer from 2010 United States Census, "It's Still a Big City, Just Not Quite So Big", QuickFacts New York city, New York; Bronx County (Bronx Borough), New York; Kings County (Brooklyn Borough), New York; New York County (Manhattan Borough), New York; Queens County (Queens Borough), New York; Richmond County (Staten Island Borough), New York, "GDP by County | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)", "The Five Boroughs of the City of New York: A Brief Historical Description", "Do You Refer To Manhattan As 'The City'? [455], New York City has been described as the cultural capital of the world by New York's Baruch College. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a $2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital. Additionally, two of the three busiest airports serving the New York metropolitan area, John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, are located in Queens. "[499] There is no [ɹ] in words like park [pɑək] or [pɒək] (with vowel backed and diphthongized due to the low-back chain shift), butter [bʌɾə], or here [hiə]. [23] The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. The North Tower became the tallest building ever to be destroyed anywhere then or subsequently. [291], The wider New York City metropolitan statistical area, with more than twenty million people, about fifty percent more than second-place Los Angeles,[4] is also ethnically diverse,[292] with the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world. The New York Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with more than 35,000 sworn officers. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States (Staten Island would be ranked 37th as of 2020); these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in the United States: New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Bronx, and Queens. Most streets and avenues in Manhattan's grid plan incorporate a one-way traffic configuration. The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. [85] Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. [82][83], New York grew in importance as a trading port while as a part of the colony of New York in the early 1700s. [297][298][299][300] In 2011, there were an estimated 20,000 Australian residents of New York City, nearly quadruple the 5,537 in 2005. [89] The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn. The George Washington Bridge, connecting Upper Manhattan (background) from Fort Lee, New Jersey across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge. [528] In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States,[529][530][531] and in 2018, Stacker ranked New York the most walkable U.S. The television and radio industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. [200], Nighttime temperatures are often enhanced due to the urban heat island effect. [280], The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, and 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;[293][294] the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,[272] Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American[272] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;[287] and includes multiple established Chinatowns within New York City alone.[295]. [568][569] For intercity rail, New York City is served by Amtrak, whose busiest station by a significant margin is Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the Northeast Corridor, and long-distance train service to other North American cities.[570]. "[310], The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade) traverses southward down Fifth Avenue and ends at Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan; the parade rivals the Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June. A strong correlation was found demonstrating that violent crime rates in New York and other big cities began to fall after lead was removed from American gasoline in the 1970s. New media enterprises are contributing an increasingly important component to the city's central role in the media sphere. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street in Upper Manhattan, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor. [113], In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. [389] In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for $1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold. The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge,[592][593] connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. [120], Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County as well as similar suburban areas in New Jersey. [250][251] More than twice as many people live in New York City as compared to Los Angeles, the second-most populous U.S. city,[249] and within a smaller area. The city is a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others. Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses are ubiquitous throughout the city. [91] They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean. An 800,000-square-foot (74,000 m2) permanent rail station designed by Santiago Calatrava, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, the city's third-largest hub, was completed in 2016. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and U.S. Court of International Trade are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014", "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2", "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2", "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 1", "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2", "Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities", "Selected Population Profile in the United States 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone", "Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY", Table SF1-P9 NYC: Total Asian Population by Selected Subgroups, "Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990", "Census Estimates Show Another Increase in New York City's Non-Hispanic White Population", "A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City", "The Albanian-American Community in the United States : A Diaspora Coming to Visibility", "The Impact of Recent Immigration on the London Economy", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: United States", "Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013", "G-day! Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including CNN, MSNBC, MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. [137] The World Trade Center PATH station, which had opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attacks. [135] Two of the four airliners highjacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, destroying them and killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers. [316], New York City has a high degree of income disparity, as indicated by its Gini coefficient of 0.55 as of 2017. [547] Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit,[548] which is reset after a four-year break. In 2015, fewer than 23,000 New York City residents were employed in the manufacture of garments, accessories, and finished textiles, although efforts to revive the industry were underway. [199], Winters are chilly and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow sea breezes offshore temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachian Mountains keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. With an estimated 2019 population of 8,336,817 distributed over about 302.6 square miles (784 km2), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a designated U.S. National Historic Landmark and National Monument, as the site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots and the cradle of the modern gay rights movement. Yo, Philly! [44] Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world's leading financial center and the most financially powerful city in the world, and is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Broadway theatre is one of the premier forms of English-language theatre in the world, named after Broadway, the major thoroughfare that crosses Times Square,[474] also sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. In 2014, New York City had the third lowest murder rate among the largest U.S. cities,[436] having become significantly safer after a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s. [492] The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's restaurants based upon their inspection results. The top ZIP Code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. [334] New York City is one of the relatively few American cities levying an income tax (about 3%) on its residents. [107][109] Violence by longshoremen against Black men was especially fierce in the docks area. The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop,[175] punk, salsa, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, certain forms of jazz, and (along with Philadelphia) disco in music. Several investment banks and investment managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers. [603] The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel (officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel) runs underneath Battery Park and connects the Financial District at the southern tip of Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn. The Bronx (Bronx County) is New York City's northernmost borough and the only New York City borough that lies mainly on the mainland United States. New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The New York County Courthouse houses the New York Supreme Court and other offices. [359], New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. [146] The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. Hu, Winnie. For the past 99 years, Miss America has been one of the country’s most recognizable household names and has been at the center of everything from national trends to social movements to the birth of television. Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists, receiving an eighth consecutive annual record of approximately 62.8 million visitors in 2017. [165] Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms,[166][167] and of postmodern art and design.[167][168]. 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