In May 2012, Lonely Planet ranked Bangalore third among the world's top ten cities to visit. Bangalore is home to the Kannada film industry, which churns out about 80 Kannada movies each year. [37] Vishnuvardhana expelled the Cholas from all parts of Mysore state. [citation needed], Recent estimates of the economy of Bangalore's metropolitan area have ranged from $45 to $83 billion (PPP GDP), and have ranked it either fourth- or fifth-most productive metro area of India. It was abolished in 1843 only to be revived in 1881 at Bangalore and to be closed down permanently in 1947, with Indian independence. The earliest reference to the name "Bengalūru" was found in a ninth-century Western Ganga Dynasty stone inscription on a "vīra gallu" (ವೀರಗಲ್ಲು) (literally, "hero stone", a rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). Bannerghatta National Park, near Bangalore, Karnataka, was founded in 1970 and declared as a national park in 1974. Bangalore's international cricket stadium is the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 55,000[235] and has hosted matches during the 1987 Cricket World Cup, 1996 Cricket World Cup and the 2011 Cricket World Cup. The encouragement of high-tech industry in Bangalore, for example, has not favoured local employment development, but has instead increased land values and forced out small enterprise. [92], Official language of Bangalore is Kannada. [176][177], The diversity of cuisine is reflective of the social and economic diversity of Bangalore. Plays are organised mostly by community organisations, but there are some amateur groups which stage plays in Kannada. [73] The highest temperature ever recorded in Bangalore is 39.2 °C (103 °F) (recorded on 24 April 2016) as there was a strong El Niño in 2016. [94] English (as an Indian dialect) is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the professional and business class. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the jurisdiction of the Durbar of the Kingdom of Mysore. [47] The British found Bangalore to be a pleasant and appropriate place to station their garrison and therefore moved their cantonment to Bangalore from Seringapatam in 1809 near Ulsoor, about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of the city. The Residency of Mysore State was first established in Mysore City in 1799 and later shifted to Bangalore in 1804. [174][175], Biannual flower shows are held at the Lal Bagh Gardens during the week of Republic Day (26 January) and Independence Day (15 August). Subsequently, the British Wesleyan Mission established the first English school in 1832 known as Wesleyan Canarese School. India Finance", "50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2012 to June 2013)", "It is official: Bangalore becomes Bengaluru", "Karnataka (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts", "1000-year old inscription stone bears earliest reference to Bengaluru | Bengaluru News - Times of India", "What makes Bengaluru India's science capital? [13] Located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau, at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, Bangalore is known for its pleasant climate throughout the year. Its elevation is the highest among the major cities of India.[14]. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Bangalore: Historical Publications, 1970. [202] Schools in Bangalore are either government run or are private (both aided and un-aided by the government). Bangalore is a divisional headquarters in the South Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. [58] In 1940, the first flight between Bangalore and Bombay took off, which placed the city on India's urban map.[55]. [29][30] The Union government approved this request, along with name changes for 11 other Karnataka cities, in October 2014, hence Bangalore was renamed to "Bengaluru" on 1 November 2014. [135] The IT hub, Whitefield region is the most polluted area in Bangalore. [234] A significant number of national cricketers have come from Bangalore, including former captains Rahul Dravid and Anil Kumble. [35] The Chokkanathaswamy temple at Domlur, the Aigandapura complex near Hesaraghatta, Mukthi Natheshwara Temple at Binnamangala, Choleshwara Temple at Begur, Someshwara Temple at Madiwala, date from the Chola era. 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